Machine for producing plates and prints from microfilm

ABSTRACT

A machine for making printing plates or prints from positive or negative microfilm rolls has a table movable horizontally in two directions to adjust the position of a portion of an electrostatic copier which rests thereon. The copier has a paper cutter, transport, corona charger, exposure positioner, developer, squeegee, dryer and discharge but omits the scanner and associated elements normally employed in such machine. Above the copier is a photographic enlarger having its film holder replaced by apparatus which accurately advances microfilm frame by frame. The image of each frame is formed upon a cut sheet of copy paper at rest on the exposure positioner. The exposed sheet is then developed as the next sheet is advanced to exposure position and the next frame is advanced in the microfilm advance apparatus.

United States Patent 2,816,493 12/1957 Lewisetal lnventor Henry C.Hollwedel, Jr.

San Francisco, Calif. Appl. No. 18,421 Filed Mar. 11, 1970 Patented Jan.11, 1972 Assignee George Lithograph Company San Francisco, Calif.

MACHINE FOR PRODUCING PLATES AND PRINTS FROM MICROFILM 7 Claims, 12Drawing Figs. US. Cl 355/3, 355/10, 355/14 Int. Cl 603g 15/00 Field ofSearch 355/3, 14, 7, 10, 53, 68; 226/33 References Cited UNlTED STATESPATENTS 3,248,029 4/1966 Money 266/33 X 3,256,791 6/1966 Blume et al,..355/14 X 3,299,787 l/l967 Kolb et al. 355/14 X Primary Examiner-SamuelS. Matthews Assistant Examiner-Robert P. Greiner AttorneyJulian CaplanABSTRACT: A machine for making printing plates or prints from positiveor negative microfilm rolls has a table movable horizontally in twodirections to adjust the position of a portion of an electrostaticcopier which rests thereon. The copier has a paper cutter, transport,corona charger, exposure positioner, developer, squeegee, dryer anddischarge but omits the scanner and associated elements normallyemployed in such machine. Above the copier is a photographic enlargerhaving its film holder replaced by apparatus which accurately advancesmicrofilm frame by frame. The image of each frame is formed upon a cutsheet of copy paper at rest on the exposure positioner. The exposedsheet is then developed as the next sheet is advanced to exposureposition and the next frame is advanced in the microfilm advanceapparatus.

PATENTED mu 1 1972 SHEET 1 OF 5 9 INVENTOR. HENRY C. HOLL.WEDEL,JR

fl A,

ATTORNEY SHEET 2 (IF 5 ISI I N VENTOR. HENRY c. HOLL WEDEL,JR

ATTORNEY PATENTED JAN] 1 I972 SHEET 3 OF 5 s s O @1 m: WNQ m2 INVENTORHENRY a. HOLLWEDEL,JR

ATTORNEY PATENTEB mu 1 1972 sum u 0F 5 IIOVAC INVENTOR.

HENERY C. HOLLWfDEL JR ATTORNEY PATENTEDJANH-IQYZ v 3,634,006

SHEETSUFS INVENTOR. HENRY C. HOLLWEDEL, JR.

ATTORNEY MACHINE FOR PRODUCING PLATES AND PRINTS FROM MICROFILM Thisinvention relates to a new and improved machine for producing plates andprints from microfilm.

A principal purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-cost,high-resolution system for preparing offset printing master plates orprints from microfilm material. The offset master produced is of higherquality image than in other processes, particularly in that the systemdoes not produce background imperfections.

Another principal feature of the invention is the rapidity with whichplates can be produced in the machine hereinafter described. Theproduction of the plates and prints is highly automated and theattendant need not devote close attention to the operation of themachine except when a new roll of microfilm is being installed.

Another principal feature and advantage of the invention is that thereis wide variation in the magnification of the microfilm and infinitelyminute gradation in the control thereof. A photographic enlarger head ispositioned above the plate and may be elevated and depressed in infinitevariations and the lens of the enlarger may be interchanged to achievethe desired degree of magnification.

Another feature of the invention is the fact that either negative orpositive microfilm may be used with this system. The film itself mayhave four or six perforations per frame or nonperforated film may beused.

Another feature of the invention is the fact that either printing platesor prints may be made by the use of the system.

Other objects ofthe present invention will become apparent upon readingthe following specification and referring to the accompanying drawingsin which similar characters of reference corresponding parts in each ofthe several views. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a front elevational view of the machine partly broken away insection to reveal internal construction.

FIG. 2 is an end elevation thereof likewise partly broken away insection to reveal internal construction.

FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line3-3 of FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a further enlarged, fragmentary view of the cam and associatedmechanism used in the machine, as viewed substantially along the line 44of FIG. 3.

FIG. 4A is a modification ofthe structure of FIG. 4.

FIG. 4B is another modification of the structure of FIG. 4.

FIG. 4C is a perspective view showing an alternate means for accuratelycentering the microfilm frame relative to the enlarger.

FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view taken substantially along the line5-5 ofFIG. 3.

F lg. 6 is a perspective view of the cams and associated structure asviewed substantially along the line 66 of FIG. 3.

FIG. 7 is an enlarged, transverse sectional view taken substantiallyalong the line 7-7 of FIG. 3 with the upper frame open.

FIG. 7A is an enlarged, fragmentary sectional view ofa portion of thefilm holder mechanism with the upper frame closed.

FIG. 8 is a schematic wiring diagram of some of the electrical andmechanical components of the machine.

Essentially the machine hereinafter described in detail is made of fivecomponents, four of which are commercially available and merely adaptedto the requirements of this machine. A table 21 has a horizontal topwhich is movable longitudinally and transversely to center the workrelative to the frame to be exposed thereon. A suitable two-axisproduction table manufactured by the Alzmetall Works of Germany isillustrated and partially described. Such table provides a rapid settingwith a positive locking lever which does not employ the screws of aconventional milling machine table. Mounted directly upon table 21 is acopier 22. Illustrated herein is a portion of A. B. Dick Co. No. 675Electrostatic Copier with certain parts (particularly the scanner andlamp) removed. Mounted above copier 22 is a photographic enlarger 23 andthat shown herein is Durst Laborator I385. The conventional film holderof the enlarger is replaced by a microfilm advance mechanism 24 which isillustrated and described in detail herein. Essentially the microfilmadvance mechanism 24 supports a roll of microfilm and advances the sameframe by frame through the enlarger in timed sequence to the advance ofpaper through the copier. The shutter of the enlarger opens to exposethe sheet from which the printing plate is made to the image of themicrofilm frame. Instead of a shutter, the lamp could be turned on andoff by a switch. Such sheet is then developed, dried and dischargedproviding an enlarged plate of the microfilm frame. Alternatively, thesheet could be used as a print of the frame. The various components ofthe machine will be described in detail.

TABLE Table 21 has a base 26 which is placed on the floor or a suitablesupport. Above base 26 is a top 27 which is horizontally disposed andwhich moves relative to base 26 in longitudinal ways 28 and transverseways 29. A pivoted latching handle 31 locks top 27 relative to base 26.When handle 31 is unlatched, the top 27 may be moved longitudinally andtransversely to center the work relative to the optical axis of the lensof enlarger 23. It will be understood that other types of positioningtables may be substituted for that above described, the importantfeatures being that the table top 27 move horizontally along two axesand be locked in place when properly positioned.

COPIER The copier shown in detail in' FIG. 1 is commercially available.Only a portion of the parts are illustrated. The copier uses a specialpaper which is coated with zinc oxide on one side to enable the paper toaccept and hold an electrical charge for a short period of time. Theentire zinc oxide coated side of the paper receives a negative charge.The paper becomes photoconductive when struck by light, which causes thepaper to lose its negative charge. The charged paper is exposed to lightpassing through a microfilm frame. To produce a positive plate from apositive (i.e., clear background, dark image) frame, the clear areas ofthe frame are enlarged and focused upon the paper and discharge thenonimage area of the copy paper. The copy paper leaves the exposure bedwith a latent negative charge on its surface corresponding to the darkimage area on the original (positive) frame. The image is developed onthe zinc oxide coated side. A (positive") toner solution consisting ofcarbon particles in a state of colloidal suspension in a petroleumdispersant receives the exposed paper. The carbon particles have beencharged chemically to positive ions. The positively charged carbonparticles are attracted to the latent, negatively charged image on thecopy paper which produces the visible copy. Since the nonimage area hasno charge, the carbon particles are not attracted to it. Thus a positiveplate is produced from a positive microfilm frame. A similar procedureis used with a negative microfilm frame except that negative toner,having negatively charged carbon ions is attracted to the latent,positively charged image on the copy paper to produce a positive platefrom a negative microfilm frame. Remaining charge on the plate isdischarged as it leaves the machine.

Copier 22 has a base 36 which rests upon the top 27 of table 21. Front37, back 38, left end 39 and right end 41 extend upward from base 36,the right end 41 being provided with a discharge opening 42 throughwhich the completed plate is discharged. The top 43 in accordance withthe present invention, is open, the normal cover having been removed.

Within the copier are supports 46 for a roll 47 of coated copy paper ofthe type described. Solenoid 48 controls the amount of feed of paper 47.Decurler rollers 49 remove the curl of the paper and feed rollers 51feed the paper through the space between rotary cutter blade 53 andspring biased stationary cutter blade 52. The timing of cutter 53 issuch that a piece of paper from which the plate is to be made is cut todesired length. Forwarding rollers 54 then move the cut sheet betweenvertically spaced negative corona assembly 56 and the positive coronaassembly 57. The corona assemblies provide a high-voltage dischargewhich negatively charges the top surface of the paper. A second set offeed rollers 58 advances the cut sheet onto a plurality of transverselyspaced continuous belts 59. Belts 59 are driven by belt drive rollers 61through a chain drive (not shown) a predetermined distance such that thepaper is very accurately centered relative to the optical axis ofenlarger 23, the distance of advance depending on the length of sheetcut and having been previously determined by test and by adjustment oftable 21. Below the top stretch of belt 59 is a vacuum plate 62 which isperforated and through which air is drawn holding the paper on belts 59at exposure position 63. After the sheet is exposed, the belts 59 aremoved, passing the exposed sheet under guide 66 and into developertrough 67 which has been filled with a toner of the type described. Thelatent image on the plate is developed. To conserve developer, squeegeerollers 68 squeeze excess toner back into the developer trough 67 andadvance the plate through dryer 69 and thence through discharge feed 71and out through discharge opening 42. Lamp 70 above opening 42discharges static and improves quality as the plate is discharged. Acompleted plate is thus produced.

In normal usage of copier 22, the original from which the copy isreproduced is positioned face down above the top 43 and a scanner orlight source is moved longitudinally of the machine causing light to bereflected from the original onto the sheet at the exposure bed 63. Thescanner mechanism, lamp, cover glass and opaque glass associated withthe scanner are removed or deactivated in accordance with the presentinvention. The plates are exposed directly from the microfilm advance 24held in the enlarger 23.

ENLARGER Enlarger 23 is of a professional precision type wherein thehead and lens move vertically to focus the image of the film relative tothe exposure bed 63. Only portions of the enlarger are hereinafterdescribed. Mounted adjacent table 21 is a vertical column 76 projectingwell above the copier 22. Vertically slidable with respect to column 76is the enlarger head 77 which is held in various positions along column76 by a head adjustment control 78. Knob 80 is used to adjust theposition of head 77 on column 76. Depending from head 77 is a lens guide79 which receives a sleeve 81 connected to a lens support 82 in whichthe lens holder 83 containing the enlarging lens is mounted. Knob 85 inconjunction with rack 85a on guide 79 adjust the position of lens holder83. Interposed between lens holder 83 and lens head 77 is a conventionalbellows 84. Contained within head 77 is a lamp 86 which, in the form ofthe invention herein described, is continuously energized. In front oflamp 86 is a shutter 87 which is electrically operated in times sequenceto the advance of the microfilm and of the plate sheet. One or morefilters 88, which may be heat or light absorbing and/or colored, may beinterposed between the lamp 86 and shutter 87. Lamp 86 maybe of amercury vapor or quartz iodide type for best definition, but may also beof incandescent type. The machine may be used with an off-on switch forthe lamp and no shutter. Disposed at an angle of 45 relative to thehorizontal is a mirror 89 which reflects the light of lamp 86 verticallydownward through two removable condenser lenses 91 which are removablyheld in head 77. The light is passed from lenses 91 through themicrofilm advance apparatus 24 and thence through the lens in holder 83and is sized by adjustment of the position of the head 77 on column 76and focused by adjustment of the lens holder 83 on lens guide 79 so thata sharp image is produced on the exposure bed 63. The size of theenlargement has infinite adjustment and is controlled by moving head 77up and down by knob 80 and by interchange oflens holders 83.

The enlarger is conventionally equipped, has a Safe-lite" function usedto indicate to processors the time when print paper may be moved. Suchfunction is used to energize relays for actuation of the copier 22, aslater set forth in the desc ription of the electrical components.

MlCROFlLM ADVANCE The microfilm advance apparatus 24 is an adaptation ofa roll film holder used with the conventional enlarger 23. Certainmodifications have been made therein which are of considerableimportance in the present invention.

Member 24 consists of a lower frame 96 of irregular configuration intowhich nests upper frame 97, the parts being hinged together about hingepins 98 which have their axes extending longitudinally. Lower frame 96is formed with rear and forward extensions 101 and 102 respectively. Onemeans to accurately locate advance member 24 relative to the opticalaxis of lens 83 is by means of latch plates 103 having downwardprojecting latch pins 104 which fit into holes (not shown) in head 77.

Lower frame 96 has a central rectangular aperture which is filled bylower masking plate 106 and is suitably secured therein. Plate 106 isformed with a central aperture 107 which is of a size equal to that ofthe frame of microfilm 105. On either side of aperture 107 arelongitudinally extending guide bars 108 which are formed with recesses109. The recesses 109 are of a depth about equal to the thickness ofmicrofilm and their inner edges are spaced apart the width of theexposed area of microfilm 105. The raised outer portions of the guidebars 108 are spaced apart the width of the film itself. Hence therecesses 109 and bars 108 accurately locate and guide microfilm as it isadvanced over aperture 107. This ensures that the frame of the microfilmis accurately transversely located relative to the aperture 107. Upperframe 97 is formed with a large rectangular aperture which is filledwith upper mask 111 having a glass plate 112 which covers the aperture113 therein, aperture 113 being aligned with aperture 107 in theassembled position of the device so that light from lamp 86 passesthrough a frame positioned over aperture 107. Glass 112 insures thatfilm 105 is flat since it rests directly over the film and there is onlyabout 0.001 in. clearance between the top of the film and recess 109.

Mounted within rear extensions 101 is film input reel 116 which issupported by reel mounting centers 117 which are retractable to permitremoval and insertion of reel 116 and which exert a drag on rotation ofreel 116. Microfilm 105 has sprocket holes along the edges thereof inconventional fashion. The film 105 is fed from reel 116 over roller 121of lower frame 96 and is held in frictional contact with felt 119 as itenters between lower frame 96 and upper frame 97 to clean the film. Thefriction and drag of the felt also ensure that the film is held taut asit is advanced through the machine. On the forward end of the holder 24is felt 122 on lower frame 96. Mounted above felt 122 is a guide support123 carrying a guide roller 124 which is weighted downwardly by reasonof the weight of member 123. Roller 124 is formed with a central relief126, the width of which is equal to that of the film being advanced.Hence roller 124 aligns the film relative to the longitudinal axis ofmember 24. In order to permit member 123 to be pivoted upwardly toinstall the film, it is provided with a hinge connection 125 onextension 102 and is held in down position by means oflatch 127.

Motor 131 mounted on extension 102 drives the film. Motor 131 isprovided with a clutch 132 which controls stopping and starting of motorshaft 130. Shaft carries gears 133 which mesh with corresponding gearson sprocket shaft 135 which is mounted on sprocket 134. The sprocketpins of sprocket 134 are of an arcuate distance apart to accommodate thesprocket holes in the film 105. Also meshing with gear 133 is an idler136 which drives a corresponding gear on clutch 137 to which is mountedpickup reel centers 138 carrying takeup reel 139. Thus when the clutch132 is engaged, sprocket 134 is driven to advance the microfilm and atthe same time the reel 139 is turned to take up the film.

Cams 141a, b, c are mounted on shaft 130 and are engaged by the rollersof microswitches 142a b, c. The electrical function of these switches ishereinafter explained. Mounted on sprocket shaft 135 is a cam 143having, in the form shown in FIG. 4, three dwells. Adjacent cam 143 ispawl 144 which is actuated by solenoid 146 and is' prevented fromovermovement by stop 147. Pawl 144 when projected to dotted-lineposition of FIG. 4, permits the cam 143 to turn. When the solenoid 146pulls pawl 144 to the full-line position, the pawl stops the cam 143 atthe next dwell and thus accurately determines the advance of the film,so that it is accurately centered relative to aperture 107. It will beunderstood that some microfilm frames are of a length equal to foursprocket holes and some equal to a length of six sprocket holes. Hencein operation of the device it is necessary that the film be advanced theproper number of holes. This can be accomplished by interchange of camsof different numbers of dwells as is shown by comparison of the cam14311 of FIG. 4A with the cam 143 of FIG. 4, and by electrical switchmeans as hereinafter explained to activate only one or the other ofswitches l42b or 0 associated with either cam 14317 or c, respectively.

FIG. 4B shows roller 145 of solenoid 146d directly engaging cam 1430 butother functions of the apparatus are similar.

Another alternative longitudinal locating device is shown schematicallyin FIG. 4C. Precise locating apertures 146 are formed at the side offilm 105 relative to the exposure frames of the film 105. A light source147 and electric eye 148 (or fiber-optic elements connected thereto)energize eye 148 when aperture 146 is in proper location to locate aframe over aperture 107 and a relay system then disengages motor clutch132 to stop film advance.

MECHANICAL AND OPTICAL OPERATION OF THE DEVICE Film 105 on reel 116 isinstalled in centers 117 and the film is inserted through the advanceapparatus 24 by tilting upward frame 97 and raising support 123. Thesprocket holes in the films are properly engaged by sprockets 134 andthe lead end of the film is then installed in reel 139. Reel 139 isturned until the first frame of the film to be printed is accuratelylocated relative to aperture 107 in a longitudinal sense, its transverselocation being controlled by bars 108 as has been described. The motorof copier 22 is energized to advance one cut sheet onto exposure bed 63and accurately retain the same in such position centered relative to theoptical axis of enlarger 23. Thereupon shutter 87 is opened, causinglight from lamp 86 to pass through the film frame and the image of theframe is accurately focused on the sheet at exposure bed 63. The timingof the shutter is determined in accordance with normal photographicprocedures and controlled by a conventional photograph timer 151. Afterthe paper has been exposed, it is carried through the developer trough67, dried in dryer 69 and discharged through opening 42 as a plate readyfor use. Simultaneously, the motor 131 is cycled so that sprocket 134turns a sufficient number of pins to move the film one frame, thelocation of the film being controlled by pawl 144 and cam 143. Theoperation is then ready for repetition.

ELECTRICA L OPERATION With certain modifications herein explained, thepresent system (see FIG. 8) uses the electrical systems 151, 152 ofcommercially available timer for the enlarger and copier 22. Timer 151is Lektra Laboratories, Inc., Model TM-8 or equivalent.

At one point in the cycle of copier 22 the cut plate reaches exposureposition. An impulse (which would in normal operation of the copierenergize the scanner function) through wires 161 a, b energizes coil162a in relay box 153. Closing of contacts 162 energizes the remotestart function 163 of timer 151. Timer 151 energizes the coil 167ofshutter 87 for a time interval selected for proper exposure and set bydials 168, whereupon coil 167 is deenergized. Timer 151 has a safe-litefunction which is activated when the shutter timer is deactivated. Oneset of wires 171 from the safe-lite function is fed into a rectifier 183and a momentary delay 172 on relay 173. The delay allows the shutter 87to close before the paper begins moving through the machine to beprocessed. Relay 173 closes and acts as a switch through wire 174 torecycle the electrical circuit 152 of copier 22 to print the exposedplate and feed the next plate into exposure position. When the latteroccurs, contacts 162 are again closed. The safelite function of timer151 has a second function. Through wires 176 and time delay 177 it isconnected to energize solenoid clutch 132 of motor 131. Relay 177 is onfor approximately 1 second. In such time interval, the high dwell 181 ofcam 141a is out of contact with the switch arm of switch 142a andthereafter until the completion of the cycle cam 143 is energizingsolenoid 132.

Switch 182 is a double pole switch connected to an AC source and may beused to energize either of switches 142b, 1420 connected with cam 141bor cam 1410 depending upon whether there are six perforations or fourperforations per frame of film 105. Assuming that cam 1410 is sixperforations, switch 142a closes energizing solenoid 146 to retract pawl144 and then to bring the pawl into stop position so that pawl 144 isheld against a shoulder of cam 143. Cam 141a continues operating forabout 20 and then shuts off.

When cam 141a reaches its high dwell, clutch solenoid 132 is turned off,film and paper now being in position for exposure.

What is claimed is:

1. A machine comprising an electrostatic copier having a casing with anopen top, storage means for paper, said paper of the type coated with amaterial which holds an electrostatic charge which is discharged byexposure to light, corona means for applying a static charge to saidpaper, support means for supporting charged paper below said open top, atoner trough for subjecting said paper to a toner chemical comprisingcarbon ions in a dispersant, transport means for advancing said paperfrom said storage means through said corona means to said support means,holding said paper at said support means, and then advancing said paperthrough said toner trough to the exterior of said casing, and anelectrical drive for said transport means; an enlarger having a lensmounted to project light through said open top, focusing means to focussaid light on paper on said support means, a source of light, lighttiming means for optically connecting said source and said lens for alimited time period; an electrical timer controlling opening and closingof said light timing means; a film advance having a frame interposedbetween said light timer means and said lens, a microfilm input reelmount at one end and a microfilm takeup reel mount at the opposite endof said frame, guide means on said frame for centering film fed fromsaid input reel laterally of said frame relative to the optical axis ofsaid lens, film engaging means engaging said film to pull said filmlongitudinally of said frame, and longitudinal film moving means forcentering frames of film longitudinally relative to said optical axis,said last-named means comprising a motor arranged to drive said filmengaging means, motor disengaging means driven by said film engagingmeans to discontinue drive of said film after said film has advanced apredetermined distance, and stop means accurately limiting forwardmovement of said film; and an electrical circuit means to first advancepaper from said storage means to said support means, then to energizesaid electrical timer to open said light timing means for a preselectedinterval, and then simultaneously to advance said film one frame lengthwhile advancing one sheet from said support means out of said casingwhile advancing the next sheet from said support means out of saidcasing.

2. A machine according to claim 1, which further comprises a table onwhich said copier is mounted, said table movable in two directionstransverse to each other and each transverse to said optical axis toadjust the position of said support means relative to said optical axis,and latch means to restrain said table against movement.

3. A machine according to claim 1, in which said copier furthercomprises means for supporting a roll of paper at said storage means andcutting means to sever a sheet of predetermined length from said roll assaid transport means moves said paper toward said support means.

4. A machine according to claim 1. which further comprises positivecarbon ions dispersed in liquid in said toner trough.

5. A machine according to claim 1, in which said enlarger has a headcontaining said lens, focusing means and source of light and whichfurther comprises an adjustable support for said head to move said headtoward and away from said support means along said optical axis.

6. A machine according to claim 5, in which said head is formed with anaperture to receive said film advance and film advance latch means forsecuring said film advance in said head in a predetermined, accurateposition.

7. A machine according to claim I, in which said electrical circuitincludes an electrical impulse generator in said copier activated whensaid paper has advanced to said support means, a first relay activatedby said impulse generator and a time delay second relay, said electricaltimer activated by said relay and having electrical means to open saidlight timer means for a predetermined period and then close said lighttimer means and open a safelite function, said safelite functionarranged to activate said second relay after a time delay to energizesaid electrical drive for said transport to recycle said transport meansfor another cycle of movement of said paper and said safelite functionalso energizing said motor to drive said film the distance ofthe lengthof one frame.

1. A machine comprising an electrostatic copier having a casing with anopen top, storage means for paper, said paper of the type coated with amaterial which holds an electrostatic charge which is discharged bYexposure to light, corona means for applying a static charge to saidpaper, support means for supporting charged paper below said open top, atoner trough for subjecting said paper to a toner chemical comprisingcarbon ions in a dispersant, transport means for advancing said paperfrom said storage means through said corona means to said support means,holding said paper at said support means, and then advancing said paperthrough said toner trough to the exterior of said casing, and anelectrical drive for said transport means; an enlarger having a lensmounted to project light through said open top, focusing means to focussaid light on paper on said support means, a source of light, lighttiming means for optically connecting said source and said lens for alimited time period; an electrical timer controlling opening and closingof said light timing means; a film advance having a frame interposedbetween said light timer means and said lens, a microfilm input reelmount at one end and a microfilm takeup reel mount at the opposite endof said frame, guide means on said frame for centering film fed fromsaid input reel laterally of said frame relative to the optical axis ofsaid lens, film engaging means engaging said film to pull said filmlongitudinally of said frame, and longitudinal film moving means forcentering frames of film longitudinally relative to said optical axis,said last-named means comprising a motor arranged to drive said filmengaging means, motor disengaging means driven by said film engagingmeans to discontinue drive of said film after said film has advanced apredetermined distance, and stop means accurately limiting forwardmovement of said film; and an electrical circuit means to first advancepaper from said storage means to said support means, then to energizesaid electrical timer to open said light timing means for a preselectedinterval, and then simultaneously to advance said film one frame lengthwhile advancing one sheet from said support means out of said casingwhile advancing the next sheet from said support means out of saidcasing.
 2. A machine according to claim 1, which further comprises atable on which said copier is mounted, said table movable in twodirections transverse to each other and each transverse to said opticalaxis to adjust the position of said support means relative to saidoptical axis, and latch means to restrain said table against movement.3. A machine according to claim 1, in which said copier furthercomprises means for supporting a roll of paper at said storage means andcutting means to sever a sheet of predetermined length from said roll assaid transport means moves said paper toward said support means.
 4. Amachine according to claim 1, which further comprises positive carbonions dispersed in liquid in said toner trough.
 5. A machine according toclaim 1, in which said enlarger has a head containing said lens,focusing means and source of light and which further comprises anadjustable support for said head to move said head toward and away fromsaid support means along said optical axis.
 6. A machine according toclaim 5, in which said head is formed with an aperture to receive saidfilm advance and film advance latch means for securing said film advancein said head in a predetermined, accurate position.
 7. A machineaccording to claim 1, in which said electrical circuit includes anelectrical impulse generator in said copier activated when said paperhas advanced to said support means, a first relay activated by saidimpulse generator and a time delay second relay, said electrical timeractivated by said relay and having electrical means to open said lighttimer means for a predetermined period and then close said light timermeans and open a safelite function, said safelite function arranged toactivate said second relay after a time delay to energize saidelectrical drive for said transport to recycle said transport means foranother cycle of movement of said paper and said safelitE function alsoenergizing said motor to drive said film the distance of the length ofone frame.